名人传记|William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne 1834 and 1835-41 Whig

Born: 15 March 1779 at Melbourne House, Piccadilly, London

First entered Parliament: 31 January 1806

Age he became PM: 55 years, 123 days and 56 years and 34 days

Maiden^{1 speech: 19 December 1806 in the reply to the King's speech}

Total time as PM: Six years, 255 days

Died: 24 November 1848 at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire

Facts and figures

Education: Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge

Family: Melbourne was the second born of six children

Interests: Conversation, reading, shooting

Biography

Queen Victoria's mentor²

Viscount Melbourne had two lives - the first as the cuckolded husband in one of the most scandalous affairs of the nineteenth century, and the second as senior statesman and mentor to Queen Victoria.

Born William Lamb, in 1805 he succeeded his elder brother as heir to his father's title. Now known as Lord Melbourne, he married Lady Caroline Ponsonby. It was a marriage which was to cause him no small amount of grief.

He first came to general notice for reasons he would rather have avoided, when his wife had a public affair with poet Lord Byron. The resulting scandal was the talk of Britain in 1812.

In 1806 he was elected to the Commons as the Whig MP for Leominster, where he served 1806-1812 and 1816-1829, before joining the House of Lords on his father's death.

He was Secretary for Ireland 1827-28, and Home Secretary 1830-34, during which time he cracked down severely^{3 on agricultural unrest.}

On Grey's resignation in 1834, King William IV appointed Melbourne as the Prime Minister who would be the 'least bad choice', and he remained in office for seven years, except for five months following November 1834 when Peel was in charge.

Without any strong political convictions, he held together a difficult and pided Cabinet, and sustained support in the House of Commons through an alliance of Whigs, Radicals^{4 and Irish MPs.}

He was not a reformer, although the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 did ensure that the growing middle class secured control of local government.

Efficient PM

But he was efficient in keeping order, raising taxes and conducting foreign policy.

Melbourne also had a close relationship to the monarch^{5. He was Queen Victoria's first prime minister, and she trusted him greatly. Their close relationship was founded in his responsibility for tutoring her in the world of politics and instructing her in her role, but ran much deeper than this suggests.}

Victoria came to regard Melbourne as a mentor and personal friend and he was given a private apartment at Windsor Castle.

Later in his premiership, Melbourne's support in Parliament declined, and in 1840 it grew difficult to hold the Cabinet together.

His unpopular and scandal-hit term ended in August 1841, when he resigned after a series of parliamentary defeats.

Wife

Lady Caroline Ponsonby- Lamb was not a typical politician's wife.

The daughter of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough, and the granddaughter of the 1st Earl Spencer, she was born in 1785.

Her education was haphazard^{6. When she was ten, her grandmother became alarmed at Caroline's eccentric behaviour. She consulted a doctor, who advised that Caroline should not be strictly7 disciplined. As a result, she ran wild, and could not write or spell until she was in her teens.}

Despite her lack of formal education, Lady Caroline was a good linguist^{8, fluent in French, Italian and Greek.}

She was artistic^{9, loving music, painting watercolours and writing poetry and novels. Impulsive10 and excitable, she sometimes verged11 on hysteria, and often flew into terrible rages.}

Lady Caroline married Lord Melbourne, in 1805. After two miscarriages^{12, she gave birth to their only child, George Augustus Frederick, in 1807.}

He was epileptic and mentally handicapped and had to be cared for almost constantly. Lady Caroline was devoted^{13 to him.}

In 1812, Caroline read Lord Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and declared:

If he was as ugly as Aesop, I must know him. On meeting Byron that summer, she famously noted^{14 in her diary that he was mad, bad and dangerous to know.}

They began an affair which lasted until 1813, but even after it finished Lady Caroline's obsession^{15 with the poet continued. She published a novel, Glenarvon, in 1816 containing obvious portraits of herself, her husband, Byron and many others.}

Embarrassed and disgraced, Melbourne decided^{16 to part from his wife, though the formal separation did not occur until 1825.}

Lady Caroline died in 1828, aged^{17 42, her death hastened by drink and drugs.}

Lord Melbourne, not yet prime minister, was by her bedside.

Quote unquote

It is impossible that anybody can feel the being out of Parliament more keenly for me than I feel it for myself. It is actually cutting my throat. It is depriving me of the great object of my life.

Did you know?

Melbourne's most lasting^{18 memorial is the city in Australia which was named after him in 1837.}